What He Said and Why He Said It

Mohamed Hemish on the Friday sermon by Abdulrahman al-Sudais, the Saudi Imam of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, where he warned against Twitter:

His speech contained the word “nation” at least 10 times. The speech’s topic clearly has been introduced to him by the Saudi government officials, who are thinking about limiting twitter access only to users who submit ID for registration.  

Mecca’s Friday player’s speech is watched by millions of Muslims in Saudi Arabia and across the world in addition to people that attend it in Mecca. This audience consists mainly of fathers, mothers and uncles of the young Muslims who are using twitter and supposedly negatively affected by it. So those parents, who might not be familiar with twitter, are going to be swayed by the arguments Imam Al-Sudais made which would make them support a government action against twitter. Devoting 6 minutes of Friday prayer’s speech to highlight the threats twitter poses on Saudi nation shows how seriously Saudi government is hurting because of twitter and how determined they are about tackling the “twitter” problem.

Many Saudis on Twitter complained that the Saudi Imam should not use the Grand Mosque pulpit, a platform watched by Muslims around the world, to promote the government line on internal issues.

Twitter Threat to National Unity, Saudi Imam of Grand Mosque in Mecca Says

Another day, another Saudi cleric attacks Twitter. After the Grand Mufti criticized Twitter users on several occasions, describing them as “fools” and “clowns,” this time it was the turn of the Imam of the Grand Mosque in Mecca who dedicated parts of his Friday sermon to warn against the “riffraff” who use Twitter in the name of reform and free speech. “What is known as ‘tweeting’ has become a threat to national unity,” Sheikh Abdulrham al-Sudais said Friday in a sermon that was broadcast live on state television.

Local Newspaper Deletes Story About Saudi Government Plan to Link Twitter Accounts to National IDs

Saudi English-language daily Arab News published a front page story today saying the government may try to end anonymity for Twitter users in the country by limiting access to the site to people who register their national identification documents. That story was soon picked up by international news agency Reuters, but it seems that the original report in Arab News has been deleted since then.

A screenshot of Arab News front page shows the newspaper leading with the story today:

Here is a screenshot of how the story appeared on the site before it was deleted, via Google Cache:

The story was reportedly also accessible using Arab News app on Android smartphones:

It was widely reported last week that Saudi Arabia may block access to encrypted communication apps such as Skype and WhatsApp unless the government finds a way to monitor messages sent through these apps. While Twitter was not mentioned as one of the apps to be blocked, the social network has become a popular platform for Saudis to discuss news and issues in the conservative kingdom. A recent survey said 51% of internet users in Saudi Arabia are active Twitter users, putting it in first place worldwide. A senior Saudi official said last month that the government is struggling to monitor and censor the site due to the huge volume of messages posted by users inside the country.

Saudi Grand Mufti: Twitter Users Are Clowns

Photo by Reuters

Saudi Arabia’s Grand Mufti said Thursday that ythe outh are wasting their time by using the Internet, especially social media sites like Twitter. The daily al-Watan quoted Sheikh Abdulaziz Al Alsheikh as saying, “Twitter has become a gathering place for every clown and corrupter who post tweets that are illegitimate, false and wrong.”

The Grand Mufti has become increasingly critical of Twitter users recently. In January 2012 he said the social network “has become a platform for trading accusations and for promoting lies used by some just for the sake of fame.” Then in October he called people who use the site “fools” and accused them of lacking modesty and faith.

Twitter has become a major platform for Saudi to exchange ideas and debate political issues in the country. A recent survey said 51% of internet users in Saudi Arabia are active Twitter users, putting it in first place worldwide. A Saudi official admitted last month that the government is struggling to monitor and censor the site due to the huge volume of messages posted by users inside the country.

MOI Accuses Activists of Lying to Push People to Streets

Saudi Arabia on Thursday accused online activists of using social media to stir up protests, banned in the kingdom, by distributing “false information” about the number of people detained by the security apparatus.

Concern over the fate of the kingdom’s thousands of security detainees, who the government says are Islamist militants, has prompted demonstrations, culminating in the arrest of 161 people at a protest last week in the central city of Buraidah.

The accusation, delivered during a news conference in Buraidah, underscored the government’s concerns over the impact of reports distributed via social media that many long-term detainees have not been brought to trial, and that police treated women protesters disrespectfully.

On the other hand, many online activists have accused the government of doing the same, that they are spreading lies to discredit activists and label protesters as al-Qaeda sympathizers. MOI’s spokesman said the numbers of detainees repeated by activists are exaggerated, and that the Bureau of Investigation and Prosecution, the Human Rights Commission and the National Society for Human Rights are monitoring Saudi prisons. Activists demand that MOI opens the prisons to independent local and international human rights organizations.

Shadow of Government at Twitter Event in Riyadh

According to its website, Saudi Tweeps is an “an annual interactive event that brings together the best young Saudi Twitter users to discuss several important issues and increase awareness of the youth in order to use their will to serve the development in their country.”

This first of its kind of event was held at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Riyadh last week. More than 600 attendees reportedly listened to 20 male speakers. There was no female speakers, but women were allowed to attend. The event was organized by an initiative of Prince Muhammad Bin Salman Philanthropist Foundation. Two days before the event, the prince was appointed the head of the court of Crown Prince Salman and his personal adviser with the rank of a minister.

The fancy venue, the list of speakers and the event backers all made some people like blogger Saad Al Dosary “feel like there is something behind the scene.” He writes:

My dispute with the conference comes in the way it was presented. Those are not the best Saudi Tweeps there is! And when we say best, we may need to agree first, best in what exactly? Experiencing Twitter comes in multiple flavors. It is not all about politics, businesses, and collecting followers. Still in the core, for a lot of users, it is nothing but a way to communicate, a channel to babble to the universe.

Moreover, the shadows of governmental support discredited the conference. It looked like it was mainly organized to deliver certain messages on behalf of the government. I cannot totally agree with such conspiracy-soaked-claims, but I can understand where they’re coming from. The governmental umbrella may not dictate what you have to say, but it would definitely allow, or reject, certain views of being publicly discussed.

Saudi Minister of Culture and Information said last month that the government is having a hard time monitoring Twitter due to the high volume of usage on the social network from Saudi Arabia. With more than 4 million active users posting an average of 50 million tweets per month, it is no wonder that the government is admitting how to difficult it is to censor the service. That’s why, the minister said, “awareness in society must be upgraded to address the problem.”

In that light, the event in Riyadh seemed like an attempt of containment, former Middle East editor of the Guardian Brian Whitaker said. He wrote, “it will not be totally surprising if today's Ritz-Carlton event turns out to be some kind of semi-official attempt to encourage the sort of tweets that don't give the authorities a headache.”

Saudi Crown Prince Salman Now on Twitter

Saudi Crown Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz is now on Twitter. The heir apparent to throne has posted a single tweet to his verified account on the social network that reads: “This is the official and only account for His Royal Highness Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz. The Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.”

The new account has now more than 205,000 followers. Local news site Sabq quoted a source they described as “close to the Crown Prince” as saying the move to register an official account for Prince Salman was due to the repeated impersonation, a problem that is common on Twitter. That suggests that the Crown Prince probably won’t be actively using the account.

The social network has become a major platform for news and debate among Saudi citizens over the past two years. Several activists have been interrogated over their tweets. A man named Bader Thawab was reportedly arrested last September after posting a tweet calling for the fall of the monarchy. The government is accusing Thawab of “writing statements in social media website Twitter that incite public opinion and disturb national unity and following tempters and disobeying the ruler,” according to a leaked copy of the list of charges that was posted online.

Latest stats estimate that the number of active Saudi users on Twitter has reached 4 million posting more than 50 million tweets per month. The government said earlier this month that they monitor Twitter but Minister of Culture and Information Abdulaziz Khoja admitted that it is too difficult to censor tweets “due to the big number of users.”

Saudi Twitter User Faces Jail for Anti-Monarchy Tweets

Global Voices reports on the case of Bader Thawab, a Saudi Twitter user who was reportedly arrested last September after posting a tweet that said “Down with Al Saud.” Journalist Iman al-Qahtani published a leaked copy of the list of charges he is facing. According to the leaked document, the government is accusing Thawab of “writing statements in social media website Twitter that incite public opinion and disturb national unity and following tempters and disobeying the ruler.” The public prosecutor is pushing for punishment based on the Anti-Cyber Crime Law. If convicted, Thawab could be sentenced to up to five years in jail and a fine of up to SR 3 million.

Saudi Minister Admits They Monitor Twitter, Says Censorship Too Difficult

Minister of Culture and Information Dr. Abdulaziz Khoja has admitted difficulties in monitoring Twitter, which is considered the most widely used social networking site currently. About three million people in the Kingdom have Twitter accounts, Al-Watan newspaper reported Thursday.

Khoja said his ministry cannot censor what is posted on individual Twitter accounts because it is difficult to monitor the huge volume of messages. He said awareness in society must be upgraded to address the problem. He further said, “We, along with a number of government authorities, monitor what is going on in Twitter. However, censorship is difficult due to the big number of users.”

Saudi Cleric Warns Against ‘Sinful’ Hashtags on Twitter

Creating a hashtag that Twitter users would use to speak ill of someone is a sinful act, a prominent Saudi cleric said. Saad al-Khathlan, a member of the Council of Senior Ulema, tweeted Friday that the creator of a hashtag would carry the burden of the sins of all those who use that hashtag to talk negatively about someone.

Twitter has become one of the most popular platforms online for Saudis to discuss their issues. A local tech site reported last month that there are 4 million active users of the service in Saudi Arabia. (via)

Saudi Internet Café Charges Customers to Create a Twitter Account

An Internet café in Saudi Arabia is charging money to create Twitter and Facebook accounts for its customers, the local al-Sharq daily reported. According to the newspaper, owners of the Internet café in the city of Gonfotha, western Saudi Arabia, offer to help computer illiterate customers create accounts on social media sites in return for what is described as a “symbolic fee.” The cost for creating a Facebook account SR 10, and creating a Twitter account would cost SR 20. As for creating an account on video sharing site YouTube, that would be SR 30 per user. One US dollar equals SR 3.75.

Use of social media sites in Saudi Arabia has exploded over the past two years. Recent numbers show there are more than 6 million Facebook users in the country, according to numbers released by The Social Clinic, a consultancy firm based in Jeddah. Twitter has become one of the most active platform for public debate in Saudi Arabia, with more than 3 million users posting more than 50 million tweets per month. Saudi citizens are also leading the consumption of online video in the Middle East, with users from Saudi Arabia accounting for 190 million views out of the 240 million daily YouTube views in the region.

Illustration courtesy of Esther Vargas on Flickr.

Social Media Campaign Against Jeddah Potholes

Laura Bashraheel reports for Saudi Gazette:

A new campaign recently launched on YouTube and Twitter encourages people to post photos and locations of potholes around Jeddah, in the hopes that the municipality would take action.

Libra Productions teamed up with Infrared Studios in a new project aimed at getting authorities to fix Jeddah’s streets.

The campaign was the brainchild of Wessam Kabli and Raef Sherbini from Libra Productions. One of them had two cars damaged and spent so much money in changing tires.

“It’s something that we are dealing with every day. They came to us with the idea and we thought we could do it right,” said Thamer Farhan from the same production house.

Watch for the municipality failing to react.

Saudi Arabia, YouTube Nation

About eighty percent of the daily views of YouTube videos in the Middle East come from Saudi Arabia, marking an increase of 109 percent in consumption rate since last year, said Google’s Head of Emerging Arabia Abdulrahman Tarabzouni in Riyadh yesterday according to the pan-Arab Asharq al-Awsat daily. Saudi users account for 190 million views out of the 240 million daily YouTube views in the region, he said. Tarabzouni, who was speaking during the ArabNet conference, added that Saudis produce 34 percent of the content uploaded to YouTube and that they are responsible for 25 percent of searches on Google in the Middle East.

Saudi Arabia All Atwitter

Twitter and YouTube have become so relevant to the public discourse in Saudi Arabia that there is now a bi-weekly YouTube show solely dedicated to what Saudi users of Twitter are talking about. The new show is simply called “What Happened in Twitter” and the first episode was published today.

Numbers support that. Saudi Arabia has the highest consumption of YouTube videos per capita in the world, said ArabNet CEO Omar Christidis, according to Saudi Gazette today. Dick Costolo, CEO of Twitter, told the Los Angeles Times in July that “Saudi Arabia is the fastest-growing country with 3,000% growth” on the service during June 2011.

You need another example to show Twitter power in the country?

Blogger Fouad al-Farhan received an anonymous tip Wednesday morning telling him that Khaled al-Tuwajri, Chief of the Royal Court and Private Secretary of King Abdullah, now has an account on Twitter. He was properly skeptical at the beginning because there have been many fake accounts pretending to belong to al-Tuwajri, a secretive man who never speaks to the media and who is said to have a wide influence over government policy.

However, the account had the checkmark next to the username, which means that the account is actually verified by Twitter to belong to al-Tuwairi. People started to follow him at an astonishing rate. When al-Farhan checked the account in the morning, it had only 65 followers. Ten hours later, the account now has more than 32,531 followers. More than 25,000 of these followers came in the matter of two hours between 7-9pm KSA time.

Those followers were in for disappointment. Saud al-Qahtani, a journalist with connections at the royal court, said that al-Tuwaijri does not plan to tweet anytime soon. The account has been reserved and verified to prevent impersonation that has become very common on the service.

Using the social search site Topsy to check, it seems that al-Tuwaijri has actually used the Twitter account to send four tweets before deleting them. Whether he ends up actively using the account or not, the fact that the elusive al-Tuwajri found it necessary to verify his presence on Twitter is a testament to the popularity of the social network in Saudi Arabia.

Twitter Users are Controlled from Outside, Saudi Minister Says

Saudi Arabia’s Islamic Affair Minister downplayed the influence of the current discourse on social networking sites, saying it is “effective but limited,” according to Asharq al-Awsat today.

Saleh Al Alsheikh, who was speaking during a meeting organized by the Minister of Foreign affairs, described the debate on Twitter as a “fad produced by minds that lack moral discipline.” He also said that the fact that the discussions on Twitter move quickly from one topic to another is evidence that there are outside parties who control Twitter users.

Al Alsheikh is not the first Saudi official to speak out against Twitter in recent weeks. Early in October, the Saudi Grand Mufti, who belongs to the same Al Alsheikh clan, said that “Twitter and similar websites are founded upon lies and defamation.”

In Supportive Gesture, Saudi Prince Visits New Media Startup

Several local media outlets have published a press release put out by the Jeddah-based digital production company U-Turn to publicize a visit made by Prince Miteb bin Abdullah to the company’s HQ in the coastal city last month. This is interesting for a couple of reasons.

Prince Miteb, the King’s son, is Commander of the National Guard who also attends the weekly cabinet meetings in his capacity as state minister. He is also one of the major contenders to assume one of the leadership positions in Saudi Arabia’s succession plans.

U-Turn is a new media startup founded by Anmar Fathaldin and his friends in 2010. They produce YouTube shows that focus on entertainment with a social-conscious message. Their flagship show, “3al6ayer” (“On the Fly”), has been widely praised, and their YouTube channels have been watched by millions of viewers.

They are the pioneers in the field of new media production in Saudi Arabia, and they were soon followed by a few similar startups like C3 Films and Sa7i.

Using YouTube as their main medium, these new media companies founded by young people are tapping into a huge market. With more than 90 million views every day, Saudi Arabia has the highest number of YouTube views in the world per Internet user. According to stats released by Google, 76 percent of Saudi internet users actively watch videos on their smartphones.

“Miteb bin Abdullah’s visit is a recognition of our influence,” said Lama Sabri, a psychology graduate who works as a writer in U-Turn. The 24-year-old said the prince took a tour at the company’s HQ then sat down for an informal chat with the staff. “He did most of the talking,” Sabri said. “He said ‘you are doing a good thing and the state is supporting you’.”

The visit certainly constitutes a high level of support coming from one of the country’s top senior officials, but Sabri insisted that this won’t change the way they work. “We control the content,” she said. “Not the advertisers or any personality. The way we work has not changed,” since Miteb bin Abdullah visited them on October 16, 2012.

However, she expressed concern that some people might perceive the visit as an official stamp of approval by the government. “People begin to wonder if we are backed by the government. This is not true,” she said.

The rising voices on social media are often described as a source of anxiety to the government, and some observers might see such visit as an attempt to co-opt these new voices. Most of the YouTube shows have been careful about pushing the red lines, but makers of the show say they see social change as part of their role.

Anmar Fathaldin told Saudi Gazette in September they still have a long way to go. He has since left U-Turn to start a new company.

“We are still at baby steps.”

Saudi FM Saud al-Faisal Thanks Social Media Well-Wishers

Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal returned to the country Friday after spending three months abroad convalescing, after he underwent surgery in August to remove an obstruction in his intestines. Al-Faisal told the Saudi Press Agency upon his return:

I especially thank and appreciate members of the royal family and the nobel Saudi people who overwhelmed me with their deep, generous feeling, via phone, telegraph and social media websites which I followed with much appreciation, and to the medical team at King Faisal Specialized Hospital in Jeddah who oversaw my health situation.

The reference to social media is interesting and probably the first of its kind in statements made by a senior Saudi official like Prince Saud al-Faisal.

The 72-year-old is is one of the world’s longest-serving foreign ministers. He was appointed appointed in March 1975, shortly after the assassination of his father the late King Faisal. But the veteran minister has suffered from health issues like back problem over the years. He has previously undergone surgery in the US.

After his recent health issues, some Gulf observers like UAE-based columnist Sultan al-Qassemi suggested it is time for al-Faisal to retire.

Al-Faisal health issues have raised questions over who might succeed him as foreign minister. Saudi Arabia is expected to have a cabinet shuffle in February, but it is probably unlikely that it would include a change in major ministries like foreign affairs.

However, it said that the King’s son Prince Abdulaziz bin Abdullah is being groomed to succeed al-Faisal one day.

Prince Abdulaziz has worked in the National Guard and served as an adviser to his father when he was Crown Prince in the 1990s. In recent years he served as a mediator in Syria and Lebanon, and in July 2011 he was appointed deputy minister of foreign affairs. Since then, he has assumed an increasingly visible role, including representing Saudi Arabia at the Non-Aligned Movement summit in Iran last August.