Lines in the Sand, Redefined

Alex Malouf argues that, contrary to what some people may think, media in Saudi Arabia is actually more open than its neighbor in the UAE:

Buoyed by debate online, particularly on social media, and tentative steps to reform the country’s government, Saudi media has become bolder in its tackling of issues such as the nationalization of jobs, consumer rights, and government services. Even taboos such as land ownership have gained recent attention in both the Arabic and English media. This drive hasn’t gone unnoticed by the Kingdom’s government, and one editor (of Al-Sharq) was fired for his paper’s aggressive criticism of officials.

(via Rasheed)

Local Newspaper Deletes Story About Saudi Government Plan to Link Twitter Accounts to National IDs

Saudi English-language daily Arab News published a front page story today saying the government may try to end anonymity for Twitter users in the country by limiting access to the site to people who register their national identification documents. That story was soon picked up by international news agency Reuters, but it seems that the original report in Arab News has been deleted since then.

A screenshot of Arab News front page shows the newspaper leading with the story today:

Here is a screenshot of how the story appeared on the site before it was deleted, via Google Cache:

The story was reportedly also accessible using Arab News app on Android smartphones:

It was widely reported last week that Saudi Arabia may block access to encrypted communication apps such as Skype and WhatsApp unless the government finds a way to monitor messages sent through these apps. While Twitter was not mentioned as one of the apps to be blocked, the social network has become a popular platform for Saudis to discuss news and issues in the conservative kingdom. A recent survey said 51% of internet users in Saudi Arabia are active Twitter users, putting it in first place worldwide. A senior Saudi official said last month that the government is struggling to monitor and censor the site due to the huge volume of messages posted by users inside the country.

When Foreign Visitors Write About Saudi Arabia

Sabria S. Jawhar:

Here’s a typical reaction from an American school teacher about Saudi Arabia: Saudi women wear abayas. Saudi women wear jeans under their abayas. Saudi women are smarter than they look. Saudi women can’t drive cars. Saudi shopping malls are big. Saudi Arabia has a Victoria’s Secret shop. Woo-hoo!

Here’s a typical published report from an American post-graduate student studying for his master’s degree in political science: Saudi women wear abayas. Saudi women are smarter than they look. Saudi women can’t drive cars. Saudi Arabia is a patriarchal society. Saudi Arabia oppresses women. Saudi Arabia’s “brand” of Islam is “ultra-conservative.” Saudi women need to spread their wings and fly like butterflies.

Yarrabi (Oh my God).

Saudi Newspapers Say the Arrest of Buraida Protesters is “Cleansing”

Following the arrest of more than 150 protesters in Buraida early Friday, local newspapers came out today with strong headlines condemning the protests on their front pages. The newspapers called the protesters “liars” and accused them of using women and children to “slander security forces and create chaos.” Both al-Eqtisadiah and al-Sharq used the word “cleansing” in their headlines to describe the arrests. The Jeddah-based daily Okaz used a picture of a burning car with one of their stories about the arrests, despite the fact that no such incident has been reported in Buraida.

Such reporting on protests is not unusual in the government-controlled Saudi media, but the use of words like “cleansing” and burning car pictures has raised eyebrows among some local media observers on Twitter. “Biased, manifestly unprofessional Saudi newspapers are only meant to make you feel queasy,” said Mahmoud Sabbagh, an author and filmmaker. Fahad Al Gherire, editor of media criticism site Mnshour, said the use of the word “cleansing” by the newspapers suggests that the protesters are “scum.” By doing that, the newspapers have chosen to abandon professionalism and express their opinion instead, he said.

Saudi Government to Block 1,400 Local News Sites

The Saudi government is going to block access to 1,400 unlicensed local news websites, an official said. Tariq al-Khatrway, head of the e-publishing department at the Ministry of Culture and Information (MOCI), told the attendees of a panel on new media in Riyadh that his department has observed more than 2,000 local news websites in the country, noting that only 600 sites have been granted licenses from the ministry, the daily al-Hayat reported Thursday.

As more Saudi citizens began to depend on online news sources, many local news sites have appeared in recent years. The government, which exerts control over traditional media, moved to regulate the online news scene through demanding these sites to apply for licenses in order to continue operating or risk being blocked. MOCI announced on the first day of 2011 amending the current publishing law with a new set of regulations for online media.

How Did Local Media Report the London Court Case Involving Saudi Princes?

They didn’t. Unsurprisingly, local media has ignored the story of Prince Mishaal and his son regarding the trial taking place in a London court reported in British media Wednesday. The only notable exception was news site Sabq, which carried a small item based on a story from the Financial Times. However, the site chose to conceal the royal identity of the Saudi parties and instead referred to them only as “two Saudi businessmen.”

Special Committees Set Up for Media Disputes

King Abdullah issued a royal decree Wednesday setting up four committees to settle media-related issues, Arab News reported. “The decisions taken by the committees do not need any endorsement by the minister of culture and information,” the decree said, adding that defendants could appeal the committees’ verdicts. Muhammad bin Qaud has been appointed to chair the preliminary committee to look into press disputes. The preliminary committee to violations related to electronic, audio and visual publishing is chaired by Ahmed al-Nasser, while the appeal committee is chaired by Ali al-Turki. Establishing these committees means that Sharia courts, largely dominated by conservative clerics, are not going to look into cases involving mainstream media in the country. The measure is likely to have a positive impact on free speech in the country as a result.

Top Saudi Editor Fired After Publishing Critical Articles

The founding editor of Saudi Arabia’s newest daily newspaper was fired Tuesday according to local media reports. Qenan al-Ghamdi, a veteran journalist who has previously held the top editor post at two other Saudi dailies, was fired from his job as editor-in-chief of al-Sharq, the Dammam-based newspaper he helped to start less than 15 months ago. The decision to fire al-Ghamdi was made by the company’s board who appointed Jasser al-Jasser to replace him.

The decision to fire al-Ghamdi came on the same day on which he published an article criticizing Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood, accusing them of plotting to destabilize the Kingdom. In Saudi Arabia, top editors of national newspapers must be approved by the government. But the Ministry of Culture and Information has denied that they have ordered the sacking of al-Ghamdi. “The Ministry has nothing to do with this decision,” Minister Abdulaziz Khoja told Sabq. “This is an internal decision made by the board of al-Sharq.”

After the announcement of his firing, al-Ghamdi used Twitter to bid farewell to the newspaper. “Goodbye beloved al-Sharq,” he wrote. “Hello to the already written future.”

It is unclear why al-Ghamdi was fired, but many on the social network said it was strange considering many recent staunchly pro-government articles that he penned in the newspaper. “I can understand firing someone who is against the government or against the religious conservatives,” Saudi journalist Ahmed Adnan said on Twitter. “But I can never understand firing someone who is pro-government.”

While it is true that most of al-Ghamdi’s own recent articles have been written in defense of the government, its policies and officials, it is important to note that many columnists in the newspaper have taken the opposite direction and used their columns to scathingly criticize the government. These columns probably were not as critical as some of the stuff you can find online, but they were stronger than what is usual in the local newspapers.

Blogger Fouad al-Farhan, who led the team that built al-Sharq website before leaving the newspaper few months ago, said on Twitter that it was these outspoken critical articles by columnists like Abdulaza al-Dekhayel and Abdullah al-Fowzan that resulted in the sacking of top editor. Al-Farhan explained that Qenan al-Ghamdi’s strategy was to write strongly pro-government pieces in order to allow his columnists to write daring columns criticizing the government. That strategy did not work. Al-Ghamdi was questioned several times by the government over these critical columns.

“Firing Qenan al-Ghamdi was a matter of time,” al-Farhan said.

Another confirmation of this theory comes from Ali Makki, a columnist in the paper who said that a “senior source familiar with the matter” has told him that the reason behind the sacking is this article by Abdulaziz al-Dekhayel that was published yesterday. In the article, al-Dekhayel paints a grim image of Saudi Arabia’s uncertain future due to the abnormality of our present.

60 Percent of Saudis May Or May Not Own Homes

Financial daily newspaper al-Eqtisadiah has quoted the Saudi Minister of Economy and Planning Mohammad al-Jasser as saying that 60 percent of Saudis own houses. These numbers are not up for debate, he reportedly told those at attendance during a meeting held at Jeddah Chamber of Commerce and Industry last Wednesday. However, reporting on the same meeting, al-Hayat daily has quoted the minister as saying the complete opposite. According to the newspaper, al-Jasser said that 60 percent of Saudis do not own houses and live in rented homes.

Someone has apparently misquoted the minister. Or not. Or something.

Government to Shut Down Channels Threatening National Unity

Saudi Arabia will shut down satellite television channels that threaten national unity or instigate sedition in society, al-Watan daily reported Friday. The Minister of Culture and Information Abdulaziz Khoja told the newspaper that the ministry is working on a new set of regulations to stop such channels.

“National unity is a red line that must not be crossed,” he said, adding that his ministry cannot accept any calls for hatred and division in society.

Koja decided in September 2010 to shut down al-Osra channel, owned by Saudi preacher Mohammed al-Habdan, for airing fatwas after the government decided to limit the issuing of fatwas to a number of licensed bodies.

King Abdullah ordered last March to shut down a channel after it aired a program that raised complaints from citizens in the southern region of Najran. The Saudi-owned Awtan channel was shut down after they hosted a cleric who made statements that leaders of the Ismaili tribe of Yam considered racist and offending.

The decision to close Awtan triggered demands by some Shia citizens to ask for the closure of other channels accused of airing anti-Shia programming like Safa and Wesal. Last week, Wesal hosted a debate between between Ibrahim al-Fares, a Sharia professor at KSU, and writer Hasan al-Malki. After a heated debate that lasted three episodes, the moderator ended the show with a long anti-Shia rant.

How Did Saudi Media Cover the Activists Trial?

Citizen journalism powerhouse Global Voices continue their excellent coverage of the trial of Saudi activists Abdullah al-Hamed and Mohammed Fahad al-Qahtani. The founding members of the Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association (ACPRA) are accused of undermining national unity, breaking allegiance to the ruler and operating an unlicensed human rights organization, among other charges.

For the sake of comparison, let’s take a look at how local media outlets have covered the latest hearing session that took place Saturday at the criminal court in Riyadh.

The only decent coverage has come from the internet-only publication Sabq. The usually sensationalist news outfit has surprised many with their extended and detailed coverage of the trial as well as the tone of Sultan al-Malki’s reporting on this case. Kudos to them.

The Saudi edition of the pan-Arab daily al-Hayat has managed to provide some neutral reporting at the beginning of the trial but that does not seem to be the case anymore. Their story on the latest hearing session was lacking and seemed to put many of the statements said by the defendants at the courtroom out of their context. For example, the newspaper reported that al-Qahtani said a person outside the country is running ACPRA, when it seems that what al-Qahtani has said is that the person who runs ACPRA website is not based in Saudi Arabia.

At least both Sabq and al-Hayat had the decency to publish the names of the defendants. Neither al-Riyadh or Okaz did.

In the case of capital’s namesake newspaper, editors decided to divide their coverage of the hearing session into two stories: one for the argument of the public prosector, another for the defense of the activists. Al-Riyadh referred to al-Hamed as “an academic, 65, on trial while he is free.” What is that supposed to mean? Are the editors suggesting that he should be locked up while he is still on trial.

But if there were an award for the most biased coverage, Okaz would win it hands down. Not only did they refer to the defendants just by their initials, they pretty much ignored everything they have said. For the editors in the Jeddah-based newspaper, al-Hamed and al-Qahtani are not simply accused of “seeking to disrupt security and inciting disorder.” No, for them, al-Hamed and al-Qahtani has indeed sought disrupting security and inciting disorder.

The next hearing session of the trial has been scheduled for December 29, and it is expected to be the last hearing session before the judge rules in the case.

Al Toraifi Named Editor of Asharq Al-Awsat

Adel Al Toraifi will replace Tariq Alhomayed at the helm of Asharq al-Awsat newspaper effective January 1, 2013, local media reported today.

Alhomayed, who has been editor-in-chief of the paper for the past eight years, told Sabq he has informed management few months ago that he wants to step down in order to spend more time with his family. He said he will continue to write a daily column for the newspaper.

For observers of Saudi media, the management decision to appoint Al Toraifi as Alhomayed’s successor to lead the Saudi-owned, London-based daily is not surprising. Al Toraifi started his career as a columnist in local media before moving to the UK to study at the London School of Economics where he is reportedly still working towards a PhD degree.

The cigar-loving Al Toraifi was appointed editor-in-chief of Al Majalla magazine in 2009. The newsweekly was struggling like many of its counterparts. It has stopped printing and become an online publication, adding new sections in English and Farsi. In July 2012 he was appointed deputy editor-in-chief of Asharq al-Awsat, a move which indicated that Al Toraifi is being groomed to be the next editor of the newspaper which is usually seen as reflective of the Saudi state foreign policy.

Both Al Majalla and Asharq al-Awsat are published by the Saudi Research and Marketing Group (SRMG), which is owned by members of the Saudi royal family. Prince Faisal bin Salman, Chairman of SRMG, is son of Crown Prince Salman. Established in 1972, the group publishes 15 daily, weekly and monthly newspapers and magazines.

Don’t Speak to Foreign Media, Saudi Mufti Says

Contacting foreign television channels to talk about the issues of Saudi Arabia is haram, said Grand Mufti Sheikh Abdulaziz Al Alsheikh Friday according to the local Okaz daily. The Mufti made these remarks during his Friday sermon that he gave at Imam Turki bin Abdullah mosque in the capital Riyadh. Describing the act of speaking to foreign media as “treason”, the Mufti said the only lawful way to express criticism is through writing directly to officials.

Al-Khazen Says Western Media Over-Reporting Qatif Unrest

Jihad al-Khazen is unhappy about Western media coverage of Saudi Arabia. He says the country is getting more coverage than it deserves. Trying to explain the alleged Western media obsession with Saudi Arabia, al-Khazen writes:

I can perhaps argue that this is because of envy from a wealthy country with limited problems, but one must not underestimate major international news sources as such. What is more proper is to say that they chose to make mountains out of molehills, and overlooked the most important aspects of the issue.

In particular, he does not seem to understand why Western media outlets like the Washington Post would publish “lengthy” articles about Qatif. Shia are a minority in Saudi Arabia, he says, and if one or two of them were killed, what’s the big deal?

“There is no massacre taking place there,” al-Khazen writes, “and the number of those killed in traffic accidents is much more than that.”

He says he is “not writing to justify or downplay the killing, but only to say that the incidents in the Eastern Province are extremely limited in scope.” The Western media must have ulterior motives to report these killings.

Al-Khazen accuses Iran of standing behind the unrest in Qatif. The Saudi government has accused protesters of serving the agenda of foreign parties, but never mentioned Iran by name. He also accuses detained cleric Nemer al-Nemer of “inciting against the regime, and encouraging and supporting armed confrontations.” He goes on to say that he knows the Eastern Province better than “these tourist reporters do,” citing his knowledge of efforts undertaken by the governor and his former deputy, both members of the royal family.

Those who follow the Arab press will probably not be surprised by al-Khazen’s views. The Lebanese columnist does not hide his close ties to the Saudi royal family. The pan-Arab al-Hayat daily where his columns appears is owned by Prince Khaled bin Sultan, the Saudi deputy minister of defense.

Khaled bin Sultan bought the paper in 1988 from the Lebanese Mrowa family who founded it in the late 1940s. “Its ownership by Prince Khalid has meant that the paper treads softly when it comes to disquieting news about Saudi Arabia,” the New York Times reported in January 1997.

Last year al-Khazen pulled an article because it was said to threaten the political future of Prince Khaled. The article about the first Muslim caliphs led to a backlash by Saudi conservatives and reportedly prompted some readers to end their subscription to the newspaper.

But let’s go back to al-Khazen’s most recent column, where he claims that the Qatif unrest story is being over-reported by Western media. The unrest there has been ongoing for over 18 months now. 15 people has been reported dead since March 2011. Has it been over-reported?

A search in the LexisNexis database for stories on Qatif returns a total of 55 articles from the past 12 months in US, UK, Canadian and Australian media.

Another important factor to consider here is access. How often are foreign journalists allowed to visit Qatif and report on the ground from there? Based on conversations with journalists covering the region, not very often. Actually, several correspondents for major international outlets have been kicked out of the country because of their reporting on Qatif.

Toby Matthiesen, a research fellow in Islamic and Middle Eastern studies at Pembroke College, University of Cambridge, called the unrest in eastern Saudi Arabia “the Middle East’s most under-reported conflict.”

So, just out of curiosity: when was the last time Jihad al-Khazen visited the Eastern Province? How recently did he speak to the people there? Probably al-Hayat should ask him to visit Qatif as, you know, a journalist, not a tourist or a guest of their royal highnesses.

Unlicensed News Sites to Be Blocked

Saudi government will block access to unlicensed local news websites, Sabq cited unnamed sources as saying Friday. The ban on unlicensed sites will include cutting their SMS service, a main source of revenue for many of these websites.

The Saudi Ministry of Culture and Information has been working to regulate the large number of local news websites that appeared in recent years, issuing new bylaws to cover electronic publishing activities.

‘Nationalyzing’

Riyadh K. Najm, Saudi deputy minister for Information Affairs at the Ministry of Culture and Information, says local media is unable to compete with the international media:

In his keynote presentation, Najm said there is no real media industry in Saudi Arabia and local broadcasting coverage is limited and weak. As a result, the foreign media is much more effective than the domestic TV network.

This, of course, has nothing to do with the fact that the ministry is controlling the sector with their restrictive policies. It is just a coincidence.

No Going Back

Khalid Al-Seghayer on foreign media coverage of Saudi Arabia:

Foreign commentators often fail to understand the local situation, and they sometimes promote their values and their countries’ experiences. Specifically, outside observers interested in Saudi affairs share three general characteristics: (1) they tend to pick individual incidents here and there and dwell on them, (2) they strive to impose their own perspectives and values when tackling other nations’ matters, and (3) they do not update their knowledge concerning the most recent developments taking place in the Kingdom.

He makes other interesting points about press freedom in the country as well. John Burgess over at Crossroads Arabia has a good writeup.